Locally advanced disease (LAD) in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) has been suggested to be associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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LAD was identified in 28.5% of 389 patients and persistent/recurrent disease occurred in 17.1% with LAD versus 6.1% without LAD.
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The prognostic association of LAD persisted after excluding patients with distant metastatic disease at diagnosis.
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In stage I–II disease, LAD was associated with shorter disease-free survival and provided additional prognostic information beyond TNM stage.
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Local invasion and proliferative activity may provide complementary prognostic information.